Country Guide: Mexico
Discovering Mexico: Country Travel Guide
Basic Country Information
Population Estimate (2024): Approximately 126 million
Currency: Mexican Peso (MXN)
Exchange Rate (as of October 2023): 1 USD = 17.13 MXN (Please check current rates before traveling)
Official Language: Spanish
Other indigenous languages:
Nahuatl
Maya (Yucatec Maya)
Mixtec
Zapotec
Otomi
These languages reflect the cultural heritage and historical significance of various indigenous communities across Mexico. Each language carries its own unique dialects and variations, showcasing the linguistic diversity present in the nation.
Capital City: Mexico City
Major Airports:
Mexico City International Airport (MEX)
Cancún International Airport (CUN)
Guadalajara International Airport (GDL)
Monterrey International Airport (MTY)
Tijuana International Airport (TIJ)
History and Culture
Mexico boasts a diverse and vibrant history rooted in ancient civilizations such as the Aztecs and Maya, who contributed significantly to the region's cultural fabric through their art, architecture, and social structures. The Spanish conquest in the 16th century led to profound changes, blending indigenous traditions with European influences. This rich tapestry is reflected in Mexico's cuisine, music, festivals, and art, which continue to thrive today. Key events such as the Mexican Revolution and the celebration of Día de los Muertos highlight the depth of Mexico's cultural identity. Understanding this heritage can greatly enhance your travel experience in Mexico, where traditions are cherished and celebrated.
Key Phrases in Spanish
Hola - Hello
Bienvenido/a – Welcome
Familia – Family
Amor – Love
Bien hecho – Well done
Gracias – Thank you
Por favor – Please
¿Dónde está...? – Where is...?
A la derecha/izquierda – To the right/left
Estoy perdido/a – I am lost
Best Time of Year to Travel
The best time to visit Mexico really depends on where you’re headed, but generally, you’ll find that November to April is a great window. During these months, the weather is usually nice—comfortable, with less humidity and little rain—which is ideal for checking out the diverse sights the country has to offer.
If you’re thinking about beach destinations like Cancun or Playa del Carmen, this time frame is perfect since it’s typically dry and draws in a lot of visitors looking for sun and sand. For city exploration, especially in places like Mexico City, spring (March to May) is when you’ll enjoy milder temperatures and vibrant parks in bloom.
And don’t forget about the unique events happening throughout the year. For instance, the Day of the Dead celebration in early November or various local festivals can really add to your trip, so it’s worth planning around these if you're into cultural experiences. Keep in mind the region and any events for an even better experience in Mexico!
Required Vaccinations
Travelers are recommended to have routine vaccinations up to date. Specific vaccines that may be suggested for Americans traveling to Mexico include hepatitis A, hepatitis B, typhoid, and tetanus-diphtheria. It is advisable to consult with a travel health specialist prior to your trip to ensure you receive tailored advice based on your health status and travel itinerary.
Health and Safety Considerations
Travel insurance is strongly advised.
Be aware of sun exposure; Mexico can have high UV levels, particularly in coastal regions.
Follow local guidelines regarding wildlife and outdoor safety, especially when exploring natural parks or engaging in water activities.
Ensure that you carry any necessary medications, and consider obtaining a travel health kit tailored for your trip.
Additionally, be cautious of food and water safety; it's best to drink bottled or filtered water and eat from reputable food sources to avoid gastrointestinal issues.
Keep emergency contact information handy, including local medical facilities and consulate contacts.
Landmarks and Attractions
Chichen Itza - One of the most famous archaeological sites in Mexico, Chichen Itza is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for the iconic Pyramid of Kukulcan and its rich Mayan history.
Teotihuacan - Located near Mexico City, this ancient Mesoamerican city features impressive structures such as the Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon, offering a glimpse into pre-Columbian civilization.
Zocalo (Plaza Mayor) - The main square in Mexico City, Zocalo is surrounded by historic buildings, including the Metropolitan Cathedral and the National Palace, making it a cultural hub for visitors.
Cancun Beaches - Renowned for its stunning white sand and turquoise waters, the beaches of Cancun offer relaxation and a variety of water activities, making it a popular destination for sun-seekers.
Frida Kahlo Museum (Casa Azul) - Located in the Coyoacán district of Mexico City, this museum is dedicated to the life and work of the iconic artist Frida Kahlo, housed in her childhood home.
Copper Canyon (Barranca del Cobre) - This breathtaking natural wonder is larger and deeper than the Grand Canyon, offering spectacular hiking, scenic train rides, and opportunities to learn about the local Tarahumara culture.
Palenque - Known for its stunning Mayan ruins set amidst lush jungle, Palenque features intricately carved temples and a rich history that showcases the sophistication of Mayan civilization.
Oaxaca's Historic Center - A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this vibrant city is known for its colonial architecture, vibrant markets, and culinary scene, making it an essential stop for culture and food enthusiasts.
Tulum Ruins - Situated on cliffs overlooking the Caribbean Sea, the Tulum ruins are a well-preserved archaeological site that combines stunning ocean views with rich history from the Mayan civilization.
Xel-Há Park - A natural aquatic theme park on the Riviera Maya, Xel-Há offers a variety of eco-friendly attractions, including snorkeling, lazy river float, and wildlife encounters, perfect for eco-tourists and families alike.Crossing is a popular trek that showcases dramatic landscapes, including emerald lakes, volcanic terrain, and colorful minerals. Adventure seekers will find a variety of outdoor activities such as hiking, skiing, and mountain biking in this breathtaking national park.
Exploring these landmarks and attractions will provide an unforgettable experience of Mexico’s diverse natural beauty and rich cultural heritage.
Common Local Foods and Drinks to Try
Tacos - quintessential element of Mexican cuisine, with a wide variety reflecting the rich cultural tapestry of the country. Here are some of the most popular types of tacos and their regional origins:
al Pastor - Originating from Mexico City. Juicy marinated pork cooked on a vertical spit, served in a tortilla with pineapple, onions, and cilantro.
de Carnitas - From the state of Michoacán, where the name "carnitas" means “little meats.” The pork is slow-cooked in lard until tender, then shredded and served on tortillas with cilantro, onions, and often a squeeze of lime.
de Barbacoa - Common in central Mexico, particularly in the state of Hidalgo, typically feature beef (often from the head of the cow) that is cooked slowly in an underground pit.
de Pescado - Originated from the coastal regions, particularly in Baja California. They consist of battered and fried fish, usually topped with cabbage, crema (a type of sour cream), and salsa.
de Asada - popular throughout Mexico, particularly in the northern regions. They use marinated beef that is grilled and served on corn or flour tortillas.
de Pollo - enjoyed all over Mexico and can be prepared in numerous ways, including grilled, spicy, or in a sauce.
de Lengua - made from beef tongue, are enjoyed in various regions across Mexico, particularly in the city of Guadalajara. The tongue is tender and flavorful, often served with simple toppings like onions and cilantro, and accompanied by a salsa on the side.
Gobernador - Hailing from Sinaloa, tacos gobernador are filled with shrimp, cheese, and a mix of spices, typically grilled to melt the cheese.
2. Birria - traditional Mexican dish from Jalisco, usually made with goat, beef, or lamb, marinated in spices and slow-cooked for a rich flavor. It can be served in broth or as a taco filling, often dipped in consommé, known as "birria de res" or "quesabirria," with melted cheese.
3. Mole Poblano - A rich, complex sauce made from a blend of chili peppers, chocolate, and various spices, often served over chicken or turkey.
4. Tamales - Corn dough filled with various ingredients, wrapped in corn husks or banana leaves, and steamed to perfection.
5. Chiles en Nogada - Poblano peppers stuffed with a mixture of meat and dried fruits, topped with a walnut sauce and pomegranate seeds, celebrating the colors of the Mexican flag.
6. Ceviche - Fresh fish or seafood cured in lime juice, mixed with tomatoes, onions, and cilantro, offering a refreshing taste of the coast.
7. Elote - Grilled corn on the cob slathered with mayonnaise, cheese, chili powder, and lime juice, popular at street stalls.
8. Queso Fundido - Melted cheese dish typically mixed with chorizo, served with tortillas for dipping; perfect for cheese lovers.
9. Sopes - Thick corn tortillas topped with beans, meat, lettuce, and crema, combining several layers of flavor and texture.
10. Horchata - A sweet, creamy drink made from rice, almonds, and cinnamon, offering a refreshing respite from spicy foods.
11. Agua Fresca - Light, flavored waters made from fruits like hibiscus, tamarind, or watermelon, providing a delicious balance to traditional fare.
12. Paletas - Mexican paletas are frozen treats known for vibrant flavors and textures. Made from natural ingredients like fruits, nuts, and milk or water. Flavors include fruity options like mango and coconut, and creamy selections like chocolate and vanilla. Often sold by street vendors, some inventive versions include savory ingredients or spices for an exciting twist.
Souvenirs to Bring Back
Mexican Handcrafted Pottery - Vibrant and colorful, these pieces showcase traditional Mexican craftsmanship and make for beautiful home decor.
Talavera Tiles – Known for their intricate designs and vivid colors, these hand-painted tiles can be used in a variety of artistic projects.
Mayan Textiles – Handwoven fabrics exhibiting traditional patterns and vibrant colors, ideal for clothing, bags, or home textiles.
Tequila or Mezcal – Famous spirits from Mexico, these beverages can serve as a flavorful reminder of your travels.
Chocolate – Traditional Mexican chocolate often incorporates spices like cinnamon and vanilla, providing a unique flavor.
Vanilla Beans – Known for their rich flavor, Mexican vanilla beans are a great culinary souvenir.
Day of the Dead Figurines – Artistic representations symbolizing the traditional celebration, often showcasing intricate designs and vibrant colors.
Cacao Products – From raw cacao to chocolates, these products reflect Mexico's deep-rooted chocolate heritage.
Planning Your Trip
Mexico offers a unique blend of cultural richness and breathtaking landscapes. From the ancient ruins of Teotihuacan to the vibrant streets of Mexico City, each destination provides an opportunity for discovery and immersion in local traditions. As you prepare for your journey, keep in mind the importance of travel health and safety measures, ensuring a memorable experience without unforeseen setbacks. Embrace the diversity of Mexico and enjoy your travels as you create lasting memories in this captivating country.
Not sure where to start? Subscribe and get access to our detailed travel itinerary where we walk you through a 7-day itinerary and include recommendations on lodging, food+drink, hiking, and the must-see attractions, along with a few things you might want to skip. With some handy tips and personal notes, it’ll help you get the best out of your journey in this amazing country.